20 Popular Types Of Iris Pictorial Guide

Iris is a genus of flowering plants with around 300 different species, commonly known as iris or irises. They are native to various parts of the world, including Europe, North America, and Asia. Iris flowers are distinctive and beautiful with their unique shape and array of colors. These flowers have long been popular with gardeners and are also used in floral arrangements.

The iris gets its name from the Greek word for “rainbow,” as it comes in a variety of colors, including purple, blue, white, yellow, and even black. The flowers have six petal-like parts, with three outer petals known as “falls” and three inner petals called “standards.” The falls often have a different color or pattern than the standards, which gives the iris its distinctive appearance.

One of the most popular types of iris is the bearded iris, which gets its name from the fuzzy strip, or “beard,” that runs down the center of each fall. Bearded irises come in a wide range of colors and are easy to grow in most areas. Another popular type of iris is the Siberian iris, which has thinner, more delicate petals and comes in shades of blue, purple, and white.

Iris flowers are not just beautiful; they also have a rich history and cultural significance. In Greek mythology, Iris was the messenger of the gods and the goddess of the rainbow. She was said to carry messages from the gods to mortals and could move freely between the heavens and the earth. In ancient times, the iris was used in perfumes and medicinal preparations, and it was also a popular symbol in heraldry and art.

In addition to their ornamental value, iris also have some practical uses. For example, the roots of some iris species can be used to make a natural dye, and the flowers and leaves are edible and can be used in salads or as a garnish. The iris has also been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties.

Growing irises is relatively easy, and they can be grown in a variety of conditions. Most iris species prefer well-draining soil and full sun to partial shade. Bearded irises, in particular, need good air circulation to prevent diseases. Irises should be planted in the fall for the best results, and they should be watered regularly until they become established.

In conclusion, the iris is a beautiful and fascinating flower with a rich history and cultural significance. Its distinctive appearance and range of colors make it a popular choice for gardens and floral arrangements, while its practical uses add to its appeal. Whether you are a gardener or simply a lover of flowers, the iris is a plant worth exploring.

Here are 20 Popular Types Of Iris Pictorial Guide:

Iris Germanica (Bearded Iris)

Iris Germanica, commonly known as Bearded Iris, is a perennial flowering plant that belongs to the Iridaceae family. It is a popular garden plant, prized for its large, showy flowers that come in a variety of colors, including purple, blue, yellow, pink, white, and bi-colors. The plant typically blooms in late spring to early summer and can grow up to three feet tall. The best growing conditions are full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. The name “bearded iris” refers to the fuzzy patch or “beard” that grows on the lower petal of the flower.

Iris Sibirica (Siberian Iris)

Iris Sibirica, also known as Siberian Iris, is a perennial flowering plant that belongs to the Iridaceae family. It is native to Europe and Asia and is commonly found in wetlands and along the banks of streams and rivers. Siberian iris produces delicate, narrow, pointed leaves that can grow up to three feet in height, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with beautiful, showy flowers in shades of blue, purple, pink, and white.

The flowers are typically smaller than those of the bearded iris, but they are no less beautiful, with intricate markings and patterns on the petals. Siberian iris prefers moist, well-drained soil and partial shade, but it can also tolerate full sun in cooler climates. It is a popular garden plant, prized for its ease of care and ability to add color and texture to garden beds and borders.

Iris Ensata (Japanese Iris)

Iris Ensata, commonly known as Japanese Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to Japan, China, and Korea and is often found growing along the banks of rivers and in wetlands. Japanese iris produces large, striking flowers that can be up to eight inches in diameter and come in a range of colors, including white, pink, blue, purple, and bi-colors.

The flowers typically bloom in mid- to late-summer and are often used in cut flower arrangements. The plant produces tall, upright stems that can reach up to four feet in height, and its leaves are long and narrow. Japanese iris prefers moist, well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. It is a popular garden plant, prized for its striking beauty and ability to add a touch of elegance to water features and garden beds.

Iris Pseudacorus (Yellow Flag Iris)

Iris Pseudocorus, also known as “yellow flag iris,” A perennial plant that is in the Iridaceae family. It is native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia and is often found growing along the banks of rivers, lakes, and other wetlands. Yellow flag iris produces long, sword-like leaves that can reach up to three feet in height, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with bright, showy yellow flowers whose sizes are up to four inches in diameter.

The flowers have six petals and a distinctive, bright yellow color that is hard to miss. Yellow flag iris is an aggressive plant that can quickly take over wetlands and is considered invasive in some areas. However, it is also a popular garden plant, prized for its striking beauty and ability to thrive in wet soil conditions. The best growing conditions are full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soil.

Iris Setosa (Beachhead Iris)

Iris Setosa, commonly known as Beachhead Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to North America, where it is often found growing in wetland habitats such as marshes, bogs, and stream banks. Beachhead iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with delicate, violet-blue or purple flowers that have a distinctive yellow patch on the lower petal.

The flowers are typically smaller than those of other iris species, but they are no less beautiful, with intricate markings and patterns on the petals. Beachhead iris prefers moist, well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. It is a hardy plant that can withstand harsh coastal conditions and is often used in coastal gardens and landscaping. The plant is also sometimes used for erosion control along shorelines.

Iris Reticulata (Dwarf Iris)

Iris Reticulata, commonly known as Dwarf Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to Turkey, the Caucasus, and Iran and is often found growing in rocky or stony soils. Dwarf iris produces small, delicate flowers that come in shades of blue, purple, yellow, and white. The flowers have intricate patterns and markings on the petals, with a distinctive “fall” or lower petal that has a fuzzy patch or “beard”.

The plant typically blooms in late winter to early spring and can grow up to six inches tall. Dwarf iris prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a popular garden plant, prized for its early bloom time and ability to add color and interest to rock gardens and borders. The plant is also sometimes used for naturalizing in woodland gardens or meadows.

Iris Unguicularis (Algerian Iris)

Iris Unguicularis, commonly known as Algerian Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco and is often found growing on rocky hillsides and in scrubland habitats. Algerian iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in late fall to early winter, it blooms with delicate, fragrant flowers in shades of lavender, purple, and white. The flowers are typically smaller than those of other iris species, but they are no less beautiful, with intricate markings and patterns on the petals.

Algerian iris prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that can withstand drought and is often used in Mediterranean and xeriscape gardens. The plant is also sometimes used for erosion control on slopes.

Iris Virginica (Southern Blue Flag Iris)

Iris Virginica, commonly known as Southern Blue Flag Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to North America, where it is often found growing in wetland habitats such as marshes, swamps, and the edges of ponds and streams. Southern blue flag iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with showy blue or violet-blue flowers that have a distinctive yellow patch on the lower petal.

The flowers are large and striking, with intricate markings and patterns on the petals. Southern blue flag iris prefers moist, well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. It is a hardy plant that can withstand flooding and is often used in wetland restoration projects. The plant is also sometimes used in water gardens and other aquatic landscaping.

Iris Cristata (Dwarf Crested Iris)

Iris Cristata, commonly known as Dwarf Crested Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to eastern North America, where it is often found growing in shaded woodland areas and along rocky stream banks. Dwarf crested iris produces short, slender leaves, and in early to mid-spring, it blooms with delicate, pale blue or lavender-blue flowers that have a distinctive crest on the falls or lower petals.

The flowers are small but elegant, with intricate markings and patterns on the petals. Dwarf crested iris prefers partial to full shade and moist, well-drained soil. It is a popular garden plant, prized for its early bloom time and ability to add color and interest to shaded areas. The plant is also sometimes used for naturalizing in woodland gardens or rock gardens.

Iris Pallida (Dalmatian Iris)

Iris Pallida, commonly known as Dalmatian Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to the western Balkans and is often found growing in rocky or stony soils. Dalmatian iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with large, fragrant flowers in shades of lavender, purple, and blue.

The flowers have a distinctive “beard” or fuzzy patch on the lower petals and are often used as cut flowers or as an ornamental plant. Dalmatian iris prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that can withstand drought and is often used in Mediterranean and xeriscape gardens. The plant is also sometimes used for erosion control on slopes.

Iris Tenax (Tough-leaved Iris)

Iris Tenax, commonly known as Tough-leaved Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to western North America, where it is often found growing in rocky or stony soils in meadows, prairies, and along the edges of streams and wetlands. Tough-leaved iris produces long, narrow leaves that are tough and fibrous, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with striking blue-violet flowers that have a distinctive yellow patch on the lower petal.

The flowers are large and showy, with intricate markings and patterns on the petals. Tough-leaved iris prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that can withstand drought and is often used in xeriscape and native gardens. The plant is also sometimes used for erosion control on slopes.

Iris Tectorum (Japanese Roof Iris)

Iris Tectorum, commonly known as Japanese Roof Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to China, Korea, and Japan and is often found growing on roofs or walls in traditional Japanese architecture. Japanese roof iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with delicate, lavender-blue flowers that have a distinctive white patch on the falls or lower petals.

The flowers are small but elegant, with intricate markings and patterns on the petals. Japanese roof irises prefer full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that can withstand drought and is often used in rock gardens or as a ground cover. The plant is also sometimes used for erosion control on slopes.

Iris Xiphium (Spanish Iris)

Iris Xiphium, commonly known as Spanish iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region and is often found growing in rocky or stony soils. Spanish iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with showy, fragrant flowers in shades of blue, purple, yellow, and white.

The flowers have a distinctive “beard” or fuzzy patch on the lower petals and are often used as cut flowers or as an ornamental plant. Spanish iris prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that can withstand drought and is often used in Mediterranean and xeriscape gardens. The plant is also sometimes used for erosion control on slopes.

Iris Japonica (Japanese Iris)

Iris Japonica, commonly known as Japanese Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to Japan, Korea, and China and is often found growing in moist, shady areas along streams and wetlands. Japanese iris produces long, lance-shaped leaves, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with large, showy flowers in shades of blue, purple, pink, and white.

The flowers have a distinctive “beard” or fuzzy patch on the lower petals and are often used as cut flowers or as an ornamental plant. Japanese iris prefers full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that can tolerate some flooding and is often used in water gardens or along the edges of ponds and streams. The plant is also sometimes used for erosion control on slopes.

Iris Foetidissima (Stinking Iris)

Iris Foetidissima, commonly known as Stinking Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to western Europe and is often found growing in woodlands and hedgerows. Stinking iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with small, purplish-brown flowers that are not very showy. However, it is the plant’s fruit that is most distinctive.

The fruit is a large, round capsule that splits open in the fall to reveal bright orange seeds that are highly ornamental and persist through the winter. Stinking iris prefers partial shade and well-drained soil. Despite its unpleasant name, the plant is not actually stinky but rather has a faint, sweet smell. The plant is often used as a ground cover or as an ornamental plant in shady gardens.

Iris Missouriensis (Rocky Mountain Iris)

Iris Missouriensis, commonly known as Rocky Mountain Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to western North America and is often found growing in rocky, mountainous areas. Rocky Mountain iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with showy, blue to purple flowers that have a distinctive “beard” or fuzzy patch on the falls or lower petals.

The flowers are large and elegant, with intricate markings and patterns on the petals. Rocky Mountain iris prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that can tolerate some drought and is often used in rock gardens or as a ground cover. The plant is also sometimes used for erosion control on slopes.

Iris Setosa Var. Arctica (Arctic Iris)

Iris Setosa Var. Arctica, commonly known as Arctic Iris, is a variety of the species Iris setosa, which is a flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to the Arctic regions of North America, Europe, and Asia and is often found growing in wet, boggy areas. Arctic iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with showy, purple to lavender flowers that have a distinctive “beard” or fuzzy patch on the falls or lower petals.

The flowers are quite large and have a delicate, elegant appearance. Arctic iris prefers full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that can tolerate cold temperatures and is often used in rock gardens or as a ground cover. The plant is also sometimes used for erosion control on slopes in colder climates.

Iris Dichotoma (Two-parted Iris)

Iris Dichotoma, commonly known as Two-Parted Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to central and eastern Asia and is often found growing in grasslands and on rocky slopes. Two-parted iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in mid-summer to early fall, it blooms with showy, blue to purple flowers that have a distinctive “beard” or fuzzy patch on the falls or lower petals.

The flowers are quite large and have a delicate, elegant appearance. Two-parted iris prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that can tolerate some drought and is often used in rock gardens or as a ground cover. The plant is also sometimes used for erosion control on slopes.

Iris Innominata (Del Norte County Iris)

Iris Innominata, commonly known as Del Norte County Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is native to northern California, specifically in the Del Norte and Siskiyou counties, and is considered an endangered species due to habitat loss and human activity. Del Norte County iris produces long, narrow leaves, and in late spring to early summer, it blooms with showy, lavender to purple flowers that have a distinctive “beard” or fuzzy patch on the falls or lower petals.

The flowers are quite large and have a delicate, elegant appearance. Del Norte County iris prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is a hardy plant that can tolerate some drought and is often used in rock gardens or as a ground cover. Conservation efforts are constantly carried outto protect this species and its natural habitat.

Iris Typhifolia (Southern Blue Flag Iris)

Iris Typhifolia, commonly known as the Southern Blue Flag Iris, is a species of flowering plant in the Iridaceae family. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that is native to southeastern North America and is often found in wetland habitats such as marshes and swamps. The plant typically grows to a height of 30–90 cm and produces distinctive blue-purple flowers with yellow markings. It is an attractive plant that is often cultivated as an ornamental in gardens and landscapes.

How To Grow And Care For Iris

Irises are beautiful and colorful flowers that can bring life to any garden. They come in a variety of colors and can be planted in different seasons, depending on the type of iris.

Choose the right spot: irises prefer a sunny spot in the garden with well-drained soil. Make sure that the area is not too wet, as irises do not like to sit in water.

Plant at the right time: Bearded irises should be planted in mid- to late-summer, while Japanese irises should be planted in spring or fall. Make sure that the soil is well prepared before planting and that the rhizomes (the underground stem) are planted just below the surface.

Watering: Irises require regular watering, especially during hot and dry spells. However, make sure not to overwater them, as they can be prone to root rot.

Fertilization: Irises can benefit from a balanced fertilizer in the spring, just as the new growth is beginning.

Pruning: After the blooming season is over, cut the stalks down to the ground. This will help the plant focus on growing new rhizomes and foliage.

Divide: Irises should be divided every few years to prevent overcrowding and to keep the plants healthy. This approach is normally adopted in the late summer or early fall.

Pest and disease control: Irises are generally not prone to pests or diseases. However, keep an eye out for the iris borer, which can damage the rhizomes. If you notice any damage, cut out the affected parts and dispose of them.

By following these tips, you can ensure that your irises thrive in your garden and provide you with beautiful blooms year after year.

How To Propagate Iris

Iris plants can be propagated through several methods, including division, seed, and rhizome cuttings.

Division:
This method involves separating the rhizomes of an established iris plant and planting them in a new location. It’s best to do this in late summer or early fall, when the plant is dormant. Here are the steps to follow:

• Dig up the iris clump carefully with a garden fork, trying not to damage the rhizomes.
• Shake off any excess soil and cut away any dead or damaged foliage.
• Separate the rhizomes by gently pulling them apart, making sure each section has a fan of leaves attached.
• Trim the leaves to about half their original length to reduce water loss and stress.
• Plant the divided rhizomes in a prepared bed, making sure they are just below the surface of the soil and have good drainage.

Seed:
This method involves sowing seeds and waiting for them to germinate. Here are the steps to follow:

• Collect iris seeds in the fall, when the seed pods have dried and turned brown.
• Soak the seeds in water for 24 hours to soften the hard outer coat.
• Sow the seeds in a seed tray filled with a well-draining, sterilized seed-starting mix.
• Use plastic wrap to cover the tray or a humidity dome to keep the soil moist.
• Place the tray in a warm, bright location, but out of direct sunlight.
• Seedlings should germinate in 2–3 weeks.
• Once the seedlings have developed two or three leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or into the garden.

Rhizome cuttings:
This method involves taking a section of the rhizome from an established plant and planting it in a new location. Here are the steps to follow:

• Dig up the iris plant and identify a healthy, plump rhizome.
• Cut off a section of the rhizome that is at least 3 inches long and has a fan of leaves attached.
• Trim the leaves to about half their original length to reduce water loss and stress.
• Plant the rhizome cutting in a prepared bed, making sure it is just below the surface of the soil and has good drainage.

Top 5 FAQ And Answers For Iris

Q: What is Iris?

A: Iris is a genus of plants with over 300 species. The most commonly known species is Iris germanica, also known as the bearded iris. Iris plants are known for their showy, colorful flowers and come in a range of colors including purple, blue, pink, white, and yellow.

Q: How do I care for Iris plants?

A: Iris plants prefer well-drained soil and full sun, though they can tolerate some shade. They should be watered deeply once a week during the growing season and fertilized in the spring and fall with a balanced fertilizer. It’s important to keep the area around the plant free of weeds and to remove any dead or damaged foliage to prevent disease.

Q: When should I plant Iris bulbs?

A: ris bulbs should be planted in the fall, about 4-6 weeks before the first hard frost. They should be planted about 2-3 inches deep and spaced about 12-18 inches apart. It’s important to plant the bulbs with the pointed end facing up and to water the area thoroughly after planting.

Q: How do I divide Iris plants?

A: Iris plants should be divided every 3-4 years to prevent overcrowding and improve flower production. To divide Iris plants, wait until after the blooming period and carefully dig up the clump of Iris plants. Separate the individual plants and cut back the leaves by about half. Replant the individual plants at the same depth they were previously planted and water thoroughly.

Q: How long do Iris flowers last?

A: Iris flowers typically last for 1-2 weeks, though this can vary depending on the species and growing conditions. It’s important to deadhead the flowers once they start to wilt to encourage the plant to produce more flowers.

Top 10 Interesting Facts About For Iris

1. Irises are named after the Greek word for “rainbow,” which refers to the wide variety of colors in their petals.
2. The iris is the state flower of Tennessee, USA, and is also the national flower of France.
3. Irises have been cultivated for thousands of years and were highly prized in ancient Egypt, where they were used in perfumes and cosmetics.
4. The iris is a symbol of royalty and power and is often used in heraldry and coats of arms.
5. The iris is a member of the iris family, which also includes crocuses and gladioli.
6. There are over 200 species of iris, each with its own unique characteristics and color combinations.
7. Irises are commonly used in gardens and landscaping due to their striking appearance and hardy nature.
8. Some species of iris have medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments.
9. The iris is a popular subject for art, particularly in the paintings of Vincent Van Gogh, who created several works featuring irises.
10. In some cultures, irises are believed to have spiritual significance and are associated with wisdom, courage, and faith.